Gravitational lensing is commonly presented as direct evidence for large quantities of dark matter. Light from distant objects is deflected, producing arcs, multiple images, and distortions that appear inconsistent with visible matter alone.
Within Quarkbase Cosmology, gravitational lensing without dark matter follows naturally from the physical structure of the vacuum. Light trajectories are governed by vacuum geometry, not by the gravitational pull of invisible particles.
Lensing experiments do not measure mass directly. They measure the deflection of propagation paths. Interpreting these deflections as evidence for unseen matter assumes that the vacuum is passive and structureless.
Quarkbase Cosmology rejects this assumption. The vacuum is a real physical medium, capable of being structured and constrained by volumetric compactations.
Light propagates through the physical vacuum. When the vacuum is geometrically organized by large-scale compactations, propagation paths bend accordingly.
This bending is not caused by attraction to mass, but by spatial variation in vacuum pressure and compactation geometry.
Galaxy clusters exhibit strong lensing effects, often interpreted as requiring massive dark matter halos.
In Quarkbase Cosmology, clusters correspond to large-scale, high-order vacuum compactations. Their collective structure produces extended vacuum pressure gradients that deflect light paths over large regions.
Weak lensing surveys reveal subtle distortions across vast cosmic volumes. These are typically mapped as dark matter distributions.
Alternatively, they can be interpreted as maps of vacuum organization. Filaments, nodes, and voids correspond to different regimes of vacuum compactation.
The same vacuum structures that produce lensing also govern galaxy rotation. There is no need to invoke separate invisible components to explain different phenomena.
Lensing and rotation are complementary signatures of the same underlying vacuum dynamics.
Once gravitational lensing is understood as a geometric effect of a physical vacuum, dark matter loses its explanatory role.
The hypothesis compensates for an assumption: that space itself does nothing. Quarkbase Cosmology shows that the vacuum does everything.
Author: Carlos Omeñaca Prado